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How do you memorize music?

How do you memorize music?

76 replies

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    • lc_piano
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view

    Lots of interesting points. I like the breakdown of the 4 modes of memorization. For me, definitely the auditory part is the most important, especially initially, and longer term (say a year after I last performed it).

    The downside of relying on auditory memory is that I can't play if the piano is out of tuned (or tuned differently than mine).   I get rather disoriented from what I hear I kept doubting myself if I even got the right notes or not.

    I'm curious if this happens to anyone else who tends to play from memory.

      • always curious
      • Dagmar
      • 1 yr ago
      • Reported - view

      Lc I totally get distracted although my ear recognition is nit very good. like I can't really play by ear, but when my trained body movements don't fit what I expect to hear, I get completely confused and very likely forget everything. 

      • Maria_F
      • 2 wk ago
      • Reported - view

       I play by ear and definitely get thrown off by different tunings and out of tune instruments. 

    • always curious
    • Dagmar
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view

    I analyze it first. What chord progression, diatonic or not, any special functions like double dominants, secondary dominants, modulation points.

    I search for pattens, repetitions, anything that is repetitive or has a structure. Sequences, a rhythmic pattern etc  And if left hand notes are forming a broken chord or a circle of fifth progression or repetitive pattern like "fifth down, step up, fifth down, step up", something like that.

    When something is breaking out of that structure I pay extra attention. 

    Then I go by a mixture of ear, visual, body feel. So my ear has usually the melody remembered,  but isn't good enough to really nail all intervals down, so my mind is more like: "now the big one up, scale down, same again on 5th degree but with melodic minor, thirds alternating, the weird thumb crisscrossthingy, and then the black key part with the wide body movements, all starting on the right edge black keys."

    Left hand usually thinks in chords and "the first inverted, then the powerchords twice, then B7 first narrow then wide..."

    And I think I also register some left hand notes, especially the first ones in a bar or the ones that go directly with the left hand chord as chord notes. Like I have that as a memory anchor, when notes are doubled or supplement the chord...  sometimes...not always.

    Very weird system, now that I read it 😆 But it works far too well. So well, that I really am far behind with sightreading, because I can play my pieces memorized far too quickly and don't look at the sheet anymore. 🙄

    Plus I realize how important a harmonic structure is for me, because I am way worse at memorizing counterpoint. I have to rely a lot more on muscle memory and ear then, and as I don't memorize so quickly I need to play from sheet a lot more, which makes me kearn these pieces a lot slower and with lots of diffuiculty bringing them up tempo - being restricted not physically but because I can't read fadt enough to fit the physical tempo I could already manage.

    • David_Kulawiak
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view
    Kaja said:
    but after 4-5 years life got in the way and the Sax was put in its box

     I detest how "life gets in the way" in so many ways. For me, as a musician, I find it equally annoying because when life gets in the way it prevents me from growing as a perons, because music informs my life more than anything else.

    • Jennifer_Case_Stull
    • 7 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    One of the first things I do when learning a  new piece is to analyze the structure, and harmony of the work.  I call this “kitchen table “ practicing.  As I am learning the notes, dynamics, articulations, etc.,  I am reinforcing how the piece is put together, and memorizing the structure from the very beginning.   I also like to memorize sections as I go in this same process.  Once I have a good understanding of the structure, it makes it far easier to memorize small sections.  I also test my memory of these sections at various tempos.  I use this approach with my students, as well, and it has been very successful 

      • Dominic_Cheli
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Jennifer Case Stull What a fantastic approach to learning! Analyzing the structure and harmony of a piece indeed sets a strong foundation for memorization. Your method of breaking it down into manageable sections and testing at various tempos seems incredibly effective, not just for you but also for your students. It's fascinating how music can intertwine with memory techniques. Have you found any specific exercises or pieces that particularly challenge this method? I’m sure many in the community can relate to your kitchen table practice!

      • Jennifer_Case_Stull
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Dominic Cheli 

      What a great question!  As far as exercises, I find they are generally very pattern oriented, so rarely is that an issue.  I cannot think of one offhand.    

      Recently I have been working on memorizing Poulenc’s Novelettes, and the third of these pieces has been a challenge to commit to memory.   I find when I have expansive reaches in a section it is challenging to remember just where I am going.  In the case of this piece, my kitchen table work consisted largely of circling octave jumps in the left hand and then identifying the intervals in between to find a pattern.  Unfortunately, Poulenc doesn’t seem to repeat the sequence of intervals very regularly which has been my issue, so I relied mostly on harmonic structure, and the rare occasion where I could grasp a repeated pattern.  If this happens, I just continue to look for patterns as I learn the piece.   I inevitably miss things when just looking at it the first time.  For me the physical act of playing the piece reveals things I did not see as well as when you begin to work out fingerings, etc.   It’s always a fun process!

      • Dominic_Cheli
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Jennifer Case Stull Great insights, Jennifer! Memorizing challenging pieces can be quite the journey, especially with the complexities of Poulenc’s Novelettes. Your approach of identifying patterns and breaking the music into manageable segments is an effective strategy. Every piece is so layered - the more you look at it, the more intricate and beautiful it becomes!

       

      Awesome work so far!

    • Varlsit
    • 5 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    A couple of years ago, I learned from an online video that it was absolutely necessary to group notes before fingering.

    The reason was to ensure good arm and hand movements and structure the musical information. In patterns, when the hand is in the correct position, it's easier moving the fingers.

    What it wasn't mentioned is that this "choreography" helps with learning and remembering music because the information about where to place the hands is easier to learn than the actual finger movements. Kind of higher level than fingers.

    How many times have I realized I couldn't remember what was next! but my hands were on the right places, and then I remembered what I had to play!

    Once i noticed this it made me easier learning pieces.

    • Margaret_Deeble
    • 4 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    Just an interesting point.    I've always had trouble memorising except when doing exams.  (all the hard work).  Not long ago I received my genetic tendencies back from Ancestry (a genealogy site). They continually add new features.   This last one showed that I had a strong leaning towards music and art but had a poor result for musical memory.    So now at least I know that I need to work harder.     I also use the chord structure method.    Really like the idea of printing and cutting up by line.    Seems a good way to help with continuing with general mistakes as well.      A lot of good ideas.    Thank you all.

    • Maria_F
    • 2 wk ago
    • Reported - view

    I am not a strong sight-reader and mostly play by ear, and can usually memorize a piece after hearing it once. I also memorize patterns like chord progressions and cadences, especially in classical-era music. 

      • Doug_Weiss
      • 21 hrs ago
      • Reported - view

       I am the complete opposite.  Ideally, I want to remain a good sight reader but also take steps to improve my memorization methods, efforts and outcomes.  It really should not be an 'either / or' goal.  At the moment, my memorization skills may be at 5% or less or in other words, non-existent.  While my sight reading skills may be at 75%, conservatively. 

      I'm quite comfortable only when I have the music in front of me.  Take the score away and I fall apart immediately.  This is strange because even with pieces I know quite well where I no longer am actually reading the music or following it note by note (effectively playing from memory) this happens 100% of the time. 

      It is time for me to unlearn this bad habit but just having the book open seems to be my comfort blanket so it may be hard to do so.

    • Maria_Morando
    • Yesterday
    • Reported - view

    I want to apologize for my long response. But I am 71 years old and I have no problem memorizing music at all. But it wasn't always the case.

     I do have the benefit of a good ear. But that wasn't enough to make my memorization as good as it is now. I would like to share what I have learned. Hopefully some of you will find something in what I have to say very helpful. It was a life saver for me because I can only play from memory! I can't play and read sheet music at the same time at all! I can read sheet music to learn the piece I want to play. But doing both at the same time? Not happening!

     I learned that the worst way to memorize is by playing through repetition. I used to do it that way and it never quite stuck long term, only short term. I have recently learned new modern methods from someone who has studied brain research especially memory. This process goes for all types of memorization, not just music.

    This is how I do it. Start memorizing as soon as you start learning the piece. You are only going to be in this place once. Learning the entire piece may possibly put you at a disadvantage for long term memorization later. It may be possible you could know the piece too well, and you can't take full advantage of putting this into your long term memory.  I know this may sound weird, but this is about long term memory vs short term. Not about playing the piano. I now look at the sheet music and play each line very slowly and study it as I am playing. Once I think I am 75 to 80 percent confident that I may know it, I close the sheet music. I test myself and I try to remember it. I try not to go further than about 80 percent confidence. The more you struggle to correctly remember the more successful you will be at putting this passage into your long-term memory. Hitting wrong notes in this quest doesn't matter. Your brain knows what you are trying to do, and that is to find the right note. This is based on scientific research of how the brain works.  Secondly, you must test yourself by putting some time between initial memorizing and replaying to see if you've got it. If you're not successful, you try again. But it should be easier this time because you already have a head start.  But try to test yourself without the sheet music first. Just refer to it very briefly if you must and close the book to try again. You are not learning how to memorize as much as you are learning "how to remember". By the time you finish learning the piece, you essentially have it in your long-term memory as well. Now just play from time to time to maintain what you have learned. It should feel almost effortless to remember. I have never forgotten a piece since I started doing it this way. I learn the piece much faster because I don't spend any time on blind repetition. Repeating passages is now only for improving on them. The only pieces I sometimes forget are the ones I already learned in the past from just repetition. There seems to be a connection to how I initially memorized through repetition and why they pose a challenge to me even to this day. And Most of them are lower level and simpler than what I am doing now. 

         Some things to think about. Don't try to clog your brain up with too many lines to memorize at one time. Even if you can play them, don't add them to your memorization process till you are ready to add them. What you have already memorized needs to be effortless to remember days apart. Time is important. This is going to require patience. Take it slow and steady. You are trying to memorize a piece that if only played occasionally, should last for the rest of your life. I am not saying don't try to learn new lines or play them. Just don't memorize them yet. Only add what you think you can comfortably add. Memorization is a totally different skill than learning to play the piece. The more you try this type of method, the more skillful you will become.  You will be much more aware of your own brain's ability to remember, and just how much to push and test it. This really works!! I have only been playing since I was 67. My mind would go blank for no reason that I could understand when I was using repetition methods. I thought I would never be able to learn many songs since I can only play from memory. I thought I was too old. I stopped the repetition method a year and a half ago and adopted this one. I have added a fair number of intermediate pieces to my repertoire. I haven't forgotten a single one of them. And I am not at all afraid to add more. My mind never goes blank anymore! Sorry for the length, but I do hope there is someone out there that can be helped by taking this different approach. 

      • Maria_F
      • Yesterday
      • Reported - view

       That is exactly how I memorize sections that for some reason, I am stuck on.

      • Conrad_Winn
      • Yesterday
      • Reported - view

       I use visual memory of the score, internal memory of the sound of the piece ie auditory memory, propioceptic and kinesthetic memory ie how your hands feel on the keys and knowledge of music theory. I start it right. There is a pro that memorizes via mental colors of the piece we all learn differently. 

      • Maria_F
      • Yesterday
      • Reported - view

       I use all of the methods you mentioned, but primarily auditory memory and theory/fingering knowledge. 

      • Tanya
      • Yesterday
      • Reported - view

      Thank you. I will try this. Been having more and more difficulty with memorization over the years. 

      • rebecca_LAM
      • Yesterday
      • Reported - view

       thanks so much for sharing your technique. I shared a lot of techniques but not doing it well or efficiently yet. Your insight on the short term vs long term memory really resonates with me. I feel like I am at your earlier stages of learning to memorize. I found my earlier pieces that I did through repetition are almost all go e from my memory. The more complicated one but memorizing it closer to the way you describe serves me better. The test will be whether I can recall them in one or two years. But I really want to try what you describe so I can commit them to my long term memory. 

      • Unfrozen Barroom Piano Player
      • Peter_G
      • 22 hrs ago
      • Reported - view

       Maria, thank you for posting this. I'm working hard at memorization right now and am going to test out some of these techniques.

      • www.narrowkeys.com
      • Linda_Gould
      • 15 hrs ago
      • Reported - view

       You are an inspiration Maria!  Sharing your age proves that it is possible to memorize at any stage of life.  I am 68 years old and spent my childhood memorizing by repetition which was very hit and miss.  You are correct.  Take it slow.  I try hard not to play a wrong note when learning a new piece because my brain quickly picks up on the bad habit.  I love how eloquently you put the process.  Brava!

    • Margaret_Deeble
    • Yesterday
    • Reported - view

    That sounds great.    Have always had trouble with memorisation but it has improved in later years using some of these methods that I learned from a course I was doing.    You have some other great ideas I will implement,    Thank you

    • Unfrozen Barroom Piano Player
    • Peter_G
    • 22 hrs ago
    • Reported - view

    Lots of interesting posts here. Thanks to all for posting, I'm learning something useful from virtually all of you, and share many of the same struggles..

    My memorization process has been "whatever works" and is rather haphazard. I would really love to systemitize it and make it more organized, as I think it would speed up my process.

    Right now, there's the muscle memory that comes rather natrually to me after playing something over & over, but we all know that it's very hazardous to rely solely on that. Then what I seem to do is form associations in my mind with anything at all that I can make meaningful in some way.  These include the strucutural signposts and cadences, the chord patterns (like Roy, as a jazz player, I am especially attuned to chord patterns and recognizing them in  piece is a great way to lock a passage into memory), or a musical element like a melodic minor scale, or a place that illustrates some theoretical point, e.g. the difference between the upward and downward versions thereof, or a particular motif that reappears, or  difficult fingering, which after I've worked it out, often cements it in my memory, or something that contradicts my expectations, and then sometimes the actual specific notes, Whatever works.

    I have zero ability to look at a printed page and sense how it would feel under my fingers, nor can I sense how it would actually sound, notwithstanding that I have a pretty good ear.  Nor can I do vice versa -- hear something and visuallize how it would look on a score. I can work out via slow solfege any individual passage, but not at a pace that allows me to "hear: the flow of the sound.  I am very envious of those of you who can do that and would love to be able to cultivate that skill. 

    I remember a basketball player named Jerry Lucas (forget his pro team but he played for Ohio State in the early 60's) who could perform amazing feats of memory.  It was said he had memorized the Manhattan phone book (remember those?) and he would demonstrate that on various talk shows.  He said he did it by attaching specifi associations to the details and sequence of what he was trying to memorize.  That seems to be my methodology, for better or worse.

    My teacher in college, Miklos Schwalb, used to say "first I memorize a piece, then I learn it".  I always found that concept rather dumbfounding, but now I'm consciously trying to proceed that way in my trek through the Well Tempered Clavier.

    There are some great Tonebase lessons on memorization, including some offerings from the  brilliant impresario of our community concerts, a/k/a Dominic.

    • Maria_Morando
    • 21 hrs ago
    • Reported - view

    Thank you all so much. I do hope to help with what I commented on. I don't know if I am allowed to mention a youtube video series, but that is where I learned this. The Fellow that shares this with people doesn't even play piano. He plays guitar. He shares no techniques at playing music at all. He only teaches how the mind works from years of researching studies of the brain. Many of the studies are not even related to music. His own success and his student's very positive results are his confirmation that it works. I won't share his site, but if you do enough searches about memorization, and performance anxiety with music, you might come upon him. I love Tonebase for inspiration and technique. It has been and still is a huge help for me. I feel like I have an instructor in my home. Actually, I think it is better. You won't find this kind of help from the videos about the mind. But I knew I needed serious help with my memorizing skills and most of all, my fear of performing. My fear of performing was how I happened upon his site in the first place. Then I found that it could help with my memorizing skills also.  It was my mind that was holding me back more than anything else. I frequent Tonebase more often now because I feel more confident that it can help me without my mind being such an obstacle. 

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      • Unfrozen Barroom Piano Player
      • Peter_G
      • 20 hrs ago
      • Reported - view

       that's great Maria.  I hope you'll participate in one of our community concerts soon.  It's a great way to practice performing in front of a sympathetic audience who totally gets how hard it is.  The skill levels range from rank beginners to amazing advanced players. Many of us in the middle stumble through our pieces (speaking for myself anyway) with pauses, memory slips, wrong notes and the whole works, but what comes through with everybody is the beauty of the music itself.

      • Maria_Morando
      • 20 hrs ago
      • Reported - view

       Thank you. That is something I should think about and look into. I appreciate your response!

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