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How do you memorize music?

How do you memorize music?

82 replies

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    • lc_piano
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view

    Lots of interesting points. I like the breakdown of the 4 modes of memorization. For me, definitely the auditory part is the most important, especially initially, and longer term (say a year after I last performed it).

    The downside of relying on auditory memory is that I can't play if the piano is out of tuned (or tuned differently than mine).   I get rather disoriented from what I hear I kept doubting myself if I even got the right notes or not.

    I'm curious if this happens to anyone else who tends to play from memory.

      • always curious
      • Dagmar
      • 1 yr ago
      • Reported - view

      Lc I totally get distracted although my ear recognition is nit very good. like I can't really play by ear, but when my trained body movements don't fit what I expect to hear, I get completely confused and very likely forget everything. 

      • Maria_F
      • 2 wk ago
      • Reported - view

       I play by ear and definitely get thrown off by different tunings and out of tune instruments. 

    • always curious
    • Dagmar
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view

    I analyze it first. What chord progression, diatonic or not, any special functions like double dominants, secondary dominants, modulation points.

    I search for pattens, repetitions, anything that is repetitive or has a structure. Sequences, a rhythmic pattern etc  And if left hand notes are forming a broken chord or a circle of fifth progression or repetitive pattern like "fifth down, step up, fifth down, step up", something like that.

    When something is breaking out of that structure I pay extra attention. 

    Then I go by a mixture of ear, visual, body feel. So my ear has usually the melody remembered,  but isn't good enough to really nail all intervals down, so my mind is more like: "now the big one up, scale down, same again on 5th degree but with melodic minor, thirds alternating, the weird thumb crisscrossthingy, and then the black key part with the wide body movements, all starting on the right edge black keys."

    Left hand usually thinks in chords and "the first inverted, then the powerchords twice, then B7 first narrow then wide..."

    And I think I also register some left hand notes, especially the first ones in a bar or the ones that go directly with the left hand chord as chord notes. Like I have that as a memory anchor, when notes are doubled or supplement the chord...  sometimes...not always.

    Very weird system, now that I read it 😆 But it works far too well. So well, that I really am far behind with sightreading, because I can play my pieces memorized far too quickly and don't look at the sheet anymore. 🙄

    Plus I realize how important a harmonic structure is for me, because I am way worse at memorizing counterpoint. I have to rely a lot more on muscle memory and ear then, and as I don't memorize so quickly I need to play from sheet a lot more, which makes me kearn these pieces a lot slower and with lots of diffuiculty bringing them up tempo - being restricted not physically but because I can't read fadt enough to fit the physical tempo I could already manage.

    • David_Kulawiak
    • 1 yr ago
    • Reported - view
    Kaja said:
    but after 4-5 years life got in the way and the Sax was put in its box

     I detest how "life gets in the way" in so many ways. For me, as a musician, I find it equally annoying because when life gets in the way it prevents me from growing as a perons, because music informs my life more than anything else.

    • Jennifer_Case_Stull
    • 8 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    One of the first things I do when learning a  new piece is to analyze the structure, and harmony of the work.  I call this “kitchen table “ practicing.  As I am learning the notes, dynamics, articulations, etc.,  I am reinforcing how the piece is put together, and memorizing the structure from the very beginning.   I also like to memorize sections as I go in this same process.  Once I have a good understanding of the structure, it makes it far easier to memorize small sections.  I also test my memory of these sections at various tempos.  I use this approach with my students, as well, and it has been very successful 

      • Dominic_Cheli
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Jennifer Case Stull What a fantastic approach to learning! Analyzing the structure and harmony of a piece indeed sets a strong foundation for memorization. Your method of breaking it down into manageable sections and testing at various tempos seems incredibly effective, not just for you but also for your students. It's fascinating how music can intertwine with memory techniques. Have you found any specific exercises or pieces that particularly challenge this method? I’m sure many in the community can relate to your kitchen table practice!

      • Jennifer_Case_Stull
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Dominic Cheli 

      What a great question!  As far as exercises, I find they are generally very pattern oriented, so rarely is that an issue.  I cannot think of one offhand.    

      Recently I have been working on memorizing Poulenc’s Novelettes, and the third of these pieces has been a challenge to commit to memory.   I find when I have expansive reaches in a section it is challenging to remember just where I am going.  In the case of this piece, my kitchen table work consisted largely of circling octave jumps in the left hand and then identifying the intervals in between to find a pattern.  Unfortunately, Poulenc doesn’t seem to repeat the sequence of intervals very regularly which has been my issue, so I relied mostly on harmonic structure, and the rare occasion where I could grasp a repeated pattern.  If this happens, I just continue to look for patterns as I learn the piece.   I inevitably miss things when just looking at it the first time.  For me the physical act of playing the piece reveals things I did not see as well as when you begin to work out fingerings, etc.   It’s always a fun process!

      • Dominic_Cheli
      • 7 mths ago
      • Reported - view

      Jennifer Case Stull Great insights, Jennifer! Memorizing challenging pieces can be quite the journey, especially with the complexities of Poulenc’s Novelettes. Your approach of identifying patterns and breaking the music into manageable segments is an effective strategy. Every piece is so layered - the more you look at it, the more intricate and beautiful it becomes!

       

      Awesome work so far!

    • Varlsit
    • 5 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    A couple of years ago, I learned from an online video that it was absolutely necessary to group notes before fingering.

    The reason was to ensure good arm and hand movements and structure the musical information. In patterns, when the hand is in the correct position, it's easier moving the fingers.

    What it wasn't mentioned is that this "choreography" helps with learning and remembering music because the information about where to place the hands is easier to learn than the actual finger movements. Kind of higher level than fingers.

    How many times have I realized I couldn't remember what was next! but my hands were on the right places, and then I remembered what I had to play!

    Once i noticed this it made me easier learning pieces.

    • Margaret_Deeble
    • 4 mths ago
    • Reported - view

    Just an interesting point.    I've always had trouble memorising except when doing exams.  (all the hard work).  Not long ago I received my genetic tendencies back from Ancestry (a genealogy site). They continually add new features.   This last one showed that I had a strong leaning towards music and art but had a poor result for musical memory.    So now at least I know that I need to work harder.     I also use the chord structure method.    Really like the idea of printing and cutting up by line.    Seems a good way to help with continuing with general mistakes as well.      A lot of good ideas.    Thank you all.

    • Maria_F
    • 2 wk ago
    • Reported - view

    I am not a strong sight-reader and mostly play by ear, and can usually memorize a piece after hearing it once. I also memorize patterns like chord progressions and cadences, especially in classical-era music. 

      • Doug_Weiss
      • 6 days ago
      • Reported - view

       I am the complete opposite.  Ideally, I want to remain a good sight reader but also take steps to improve my memorization methods, efforts and outcomes.  It really should not be an 'either / or' goal.  At the moment, my memorization skills may be at 5% or less or in other words, non-existent.  While my sight reading skills may be at 75%, conservatively. 

      I'm quite comfortable only when I have the music in front of me.  Take the score away and I fall apart immediately.  This is strange because even with pieces I know quite well where I no longer am actually reading the music or following it note by note (effectively playing from memory) this happens 100% of the time. 

      It is time for me to unlearn this bad habit but just having the book open seems to be my comfort blanket so it may be hard to do so.

    • Maria_Morando
    • 7 days ago
    • Reported - view

    I want to apologize for my long response. But I am 71 years old and I have no problem memorizing music at all. But it wasn't always the case.

     I do have the benefit of a good ear. But that wasn't enough to make my memorization as good as it is now. I would like to share what I have learned. Hopefully some of you will find something in what I have to say very helpful. It was a life saver for me because I can only play from memory! I can't play and read sheet music at the same time at all! I can read sheet music to learn the piece I want to play. But doing both at the same time? Not happening!

     I learned that the worst way to memorize is by playing through repetition. I used to do it that way and it never quite stuck long term, only short term. I have recently learned new modern methods from someone who has studied brain research especially memory. This process goes for all types of memorization, not just music.

    This is how I do it. Start memorizing as soon as you start learning the piece. You are only going to be in this place once. Learning the entire piece may possibly put you at a disadvantage for long term memorization later. It may be possible you could know the piece too well, and you can't take full advantage of putting this into your long term memory.  I know this may sound weird, but this is about long term memory vs short term. Not about playing the piano. I now look at the sheet music and play each line very slowly and study it as I am playing. Once I think I am 75 to 80 percent confident that I may know it, I close the sheet music. I test myself and I try to remember it. I try not to go further than about 80 percent confidence. The more you struggle to correctly remember the more successful you will be at putting this passage into your long-term memory. Hitting wrong notes in this quest doesn't matter. Your brain knows what you are trying to do, and that is to find the right note. This is based on scientific research of how the brain works.  Secondly, you must test yourself by putting some time between initial memorizing and replaying to see if you've got it. If you're not successful, you try again. But it should be easier this time because you already have a head start.  But try to test yourself without the sheet music first. Just refer to it very briefly if you must and close the book to try again. You are not learning how to memorize as much as you are learning "how to remember". By the time you finish learning the piece, you essentially have it in your long-term memory as well. Now just play from time to time to maintain what you have learned. It should feel almost effortless to remember. I have never forgotten a piece since I started doing it this way. I learn the piece much faster because I don't spend any time on blind repetition. Repeating passages is now only for improving on them. The only pieces I sometimes forget are the ones I already learned in the past from just repetition. There seems to be a connection to how I initially memorized through repetition and why they pose a challenge to me even to this day. And Most of them are lower level and simpler than what I am doing now. 

         Some things to think about. Don't try to clog your brain up with too many lines to memorize at one time. Even if you can play them, don't add them to your memorization process till you are ready to add them. What you have already memorized needs to be effortless to remember days apart. Time is important. This is going to require patience. Take it slow and steady. You are trying to memorize a piece that if only played occasionally, should last for the rest of your life. I am not saying don't try to learn new lines or play them. Just don't memorize them yet. Only add what you think you can comfortably add. Memorization is a totally different skill than learning to play the piece. The more you try this type of method, the more skillful you will become.  You will be much more aware of your own brain's ability to remember, and just how much to push and test it. This really works!! I have only been playing since I was 67. My mind would go blank for no reason that I could understand when I was using repetition methods. I thought I would never be able to learn many songs since I can only play from memory. I thought I was too old. I stopped the repetition method a year and a half ago and adopted this one. I have added a fair number of intermediate pieces to my repertoire. I haven't forgotten a single one of them. And I am not at all afraid to add more. My mind never goes blank anymore! Sorry for the length, but I do hope there is someone out there that can be helped by taking this different approach. 

      • Maria_F
      • 7 days ago
      • Reported - view

       That is exactly how I memorize sections that for some reason, I am stuck on.

      • Conrad_Winn
      • 7 days ago
      • Reported - view

       I use visual memory of the score, internal memory of the sound of the piece ie auditory memory, propioceptic and kinesthetic memory ie how your hands feel on the keys and knowledge of music theory. I start it right. There is a pro that memorizes via mental colors of the piece we all learn differently. 

      • Maria_F
      • 7 days ago
      • Reported - view

       I use all of the methods you mentioned, but primarily auditory memory and theory/fingering knowledge. 

      • Tanya
      • 6 days ago
      • Reported - view

      Thank you. I will try this. Been having more and more difficulty with memorization over the years. 

      • rebecca_LAM
      • 6 days ago
      • Reported - view

       thanks so much for sharing your technique. I shared a lot of techniques but not doing it well or efficiently yet. Your insight on the short term vs long term memory really resonates with me. I feel like I am at your earlier stages of learning to memorize. I found my earlier pieces that I did through repetition are almost all go e from my memory. The more complicated one but memorizing it closer to the way you describe serves me better. The test will be whether I can recall them in one or two years. But I really want to try what you describe so I can commit them to my long term memory. 

      • Unfrozen Barroom Piano Player
      • Peter_G
      • 6 days ago
      • Reported - view

       Maria, thank you for posting this. I'm working hard at memorization right now and am going to test out some of these techniques.

      • www.narrowkeys.com
      • Linda_Gould
      • 5 days ago
      • Reported - view

       You are an inspiration Maria!  Sharing your age proves that it is possible to memorize at any stage of life.  I am 68 years old and spent my childhood memorizing by repetition which was very hit and miss.  You are correct.  Take it slow.  I try hard not to play a wrong note when learning a new piece because my brain quickly picks up on the bad habit.  I love how eloquently you put the process.  Brava!

      • Maria_Morando
      • 5 days ago
      • Reported - view

       I am so glad to not be alone! I thought people would belittle me a bit when I said I wanted to play the piano at 67. But so far everyone thinks it is great to do especially at my age. Learning something new at our age is very good for our older minds. It forces us to use our mind in a way we never have before, and they say learning a musical instrument is one of the best avenues for that.

      I can promise you when I started memorizing through repetition at 67, I thought I was pretty good at it. But it didn't last at all. So, it really wasn't useful to me. I understand about hitting wrong notes. "Don't ever hit a wrong note", and that is correct. But is it possible it may not be the only option when trying to memorize? I am trying to figure out why this method works for me. It is based on what I have learned from a musician who researches scientific studies of the mind. This is my personal thought on it. I believe my mind sees me hitting a wrong note, when it is hit intentionally, as a viable option. I hit the note on purpose with the belief it is correct and my mind remembers it that way. I think that is why I often hit the same wrong note again shortly after I hit it wrong the first time. At least this is what happens to me. I personally think this is brain memory, not muscle memory as is often stated, because it only happened once, then twice. If I could train my muscles to obey and repeat that quickly, I would be pretty amazing!  So, when this happens to me during regular playing, I concentrate and deliberately stop and tell myself, "That note was wrong do not hit it again". I want to make sure my mind gets it. That has immediately worked for me! I really don't hit it again. When I am memorizing and struggling to remember a piece, my mind sees me in a different situation where I am looking for the right notes. Maybe it expects me to possibly go off track a bit. It may be that when I hit a wrong note, my mind already knows it was hit with caution and that it could possibly be wrong. Then I find the right note. That is the note that goes into my memory. Not the bad one. This is a totally different mindset. At least that is how I see it and how it has been a game changer for me. I hope it is helpful to you as well. 

      Now if I could only get my technique to be as good as my memorization! That is why I subscribe to this site.

      • PViseskul
      • 4 days ago
      • Reported - view

       Thank you for sharing!

      Personally, I think that positive reinforcement really helps. When I practise with repetition on a small snippet, on the good one I say firmly to myself "that's good!", then on the bad ones stop, think what went wrong before another repeat. It works for me most of the time and honestly if I let the mistakes become sticky (which still happens) then they are really hard to undo.

      I tried a couple of years ago to memorise the piece from the get go ... it's a really slow process requiring a lot of discipline from myself but I felt more secure with it at the end. I haven't tried doing it again though but would do again if/when I have more time and energy.

      • Maria_Morando
      • 4 days ago
      • Reported - view

       Thanks for your comments. I do want to say that it is probably a good idea to occasionally play the songs you know from time to time if you want to keep them strongly in your long-term memory so you can just sit down and play them. A great way to test just how strong your memory is would be to increase time between playing once you think you have it well memorized long term. Maybe you can try 2 weeks. If it is still good in your head play it a couple of times to reinforce it. Then maybe wait 3 to 4 weeks. Do the same, then wait a month and a half or longer. I guess if you do this and just not play for a couple of years you are going to get very rusty. It is like that with any memory. But if you gradually increase the time over the course of a year or more, my guess is it might surprise you and be easier to recall than you think. It might be an interesting test you can give yourself. One of the things I do if I haven't played a song in a rather long time, like 6 weeks or mor, I will play it very slowly at first and re-familiarize myself with all the visuals, the feel, and the sounds I have become familiar with in the past. I don't consult the sheet music. If I have to struggle a little bit to remember that's a plus. But it is usually not much of a struggle. Just a bit rusty. It all comes back. 

           The only time I completely forget a song, and this happens with no exceptions. Whenever I go up a level of difficulty on a song that I previously memorized, the previous lower-level song is completely erased from my memory. I mean totally erased! I couldn't even play the first line without consulting the old sheet music. It has been completely replaced. Learning new songs doesn't do that at all, just higher-level versions of a previous lower-level song. I really don't know why that happens. Is this normal for everyone? Has that ever happened to you?

      • rebecca_LAM
      • 4 days ago
      • Reported - view

       i will try that for sure. I want to have a list of repertoire eventually that I can play anytime anywhere. When I am done with my current list of pieces I work on, I will keep bringing them back and see how long in between I can keep them in memory. 
      I am not sure about your other problem as I don’t play different levels of the same song. 

      • www.narrowkeys.com
      • Linda_Gould
      • 2 days ago
      • Reported - view

       There is a wonderful book called The Perfect Wrong Note by William Westney that you may enjoy.  Especially since you are interested in how the mind works.  Technique is something that requires great instruction (found all over Tonebase) and patience as you develop new habits.  Good technique is within everyone's grasp. 

      I loved that you said repetition doesn't do it but REMEMBERING does.  It's all about mindfulness and I agree, going into this stage of our life with eyes wide open learning new music and being generally mindful is a joy!  

Content aside

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